初识Django

Django的初始化配置

创建项目文件夹

    django-admin startproject ProjectName

创建App

    python manage.py startapp AppName

在修改setting.py中修改语言及时区

    LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

    TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

    USE_I18N = True

    USE_L10N = True

    USE_TZ = False

修改setting.py 在 INSTALLED_APPS的列表中，添加创建的App名字

    mysite/setting.py
    
    INSTALLED_APPS = [
        'AppName',
        ...

**修改Django默认数据库为mysql**

mysite/setting.py
**https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/**
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'mysql',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': '123456',
        'HOST': '192.168.190.134',
        'PORT': '3306',
    }
}

修改TEMPLATES中的DIRS，以将前端文件统一放在根目录下的templates中。

    mysite/setting.py

    TEMPLATES = [
        {
            'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
            'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "templates")],
            ...

在最后添加静态文件配置

    mysite/setting.py

    STATIC_URL = '/static/'
    STATICFILES_DIRS = [
        os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')
    ]

修改项目urls.py 官方文档的内容，如果在urls.py中使用到正则匹配路径（^$）的时候，就需要使用re_path,而不能使用path，不然页面会显示404错误,如果未用到正则，那么使用path即可。

    mysite/urls.py

    from django.contrib import admin
    from django.urls import path, include, re_path
    #匹配路由
    urlpatterns = [
        path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
        re_path('',include('devops.urls')),
    ]

App下新建urls.py并初始化

    devops/urls.py

    from django.urls import path 
    from . import views
    
    app_name = 'AppName'
    
    urlpatterns = [
        path('index/', views.index, name="index"),
    ]

修改App下views.py

    devops/views.py

    from django.shortcuts import render
    # Create your views here.
    
    def index(request):
        return render(request, "index.html", locals())

新建index.html

    template/indx.html

    <h1>hello,world</h1>

设计和表对应得类

    devops/models.py

    from django.db import models
    
    # 设计和表对应得类
    # Create your models here.
    


    class UserInfo(models.Model):
        gender = (
            ('male', '男'),
            ('female', '女'),
        )
        
        """用户模型类"""
        # CharField说明一个字符串， max_length指定字符串最大长度


        username = models.CharField(max_length=20, unique=True, verbose_name='用户名')
        password = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='密码')
        email = models.EmailField(unique=True, verbose_name='邮箱')
        sex = models.CharField(max_length=32, choices=gender, default='男', verbose_name='性别')
        c_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
        
        
    class HostInfo(models.Model):
        ipstatus_choices = (
            (0, '空闲中'),
            (1, '使用中'),
        )
        
        ipaddr = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name="IP地址")
        ipstatus = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=ipstatus_choices, default='空闲中', verbose_name="IP状态")
        comment = models.TextField(max_length=256, blank=True, null=True, verbose_name="备注")
        

初始化数据库并创建Superuser

    python manage.py migrate
    python manage.py makemigrations
    python manage.py createsuperuser

自定义模型管理类

    mysite/admin.py

    from django.contrib import admin
    from .models import UserInfo, HostInfo
    # 后台管理相关文件
    # Register your models here.
    # 自定义模型管理类

    class UserInfoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        """用户模型管理类"""
        list_display = ['id', 'username', 'email', 'c_time']
        
    class HostInfoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        """服务器模型管理类"""
        list_display = ['id', 'ipaddr', 'ipstatus', 'comment']
        
    # 注册模型类

    admin.site.register(UserInfo, UserInfoAdmin)
    admin.site.register(HostInfo, HostInfoAdmin)

运行测试

    python manage.py runserver

Django的初始化配置

Django的初始化配置

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